Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Atmospheric Chemistry

Biography

Biography: Habibullo I Abdussamatov

Abstract

The solar irradiance defines the climate The climate system depends at an extremely complex set of long-term (≥20 years) physical processes in the ocean-land-atmosphere system, which, in turn, is influenced by diverse, mainly quasi-bicentennial variation of the total solar irradiance (TSI). If we take into account only by direct impact of quasi-bicentennial variations TSI order ~0.4%, the resulting increments of the planetary temperature are small (~0.3K); however, they are extremely important as a triggering mechanism of subsequent multiple feedback effects, which cause a significant change in the magnitude of the Earth's Bond albedo, the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and the transmission of the atmospheric transparency window. The direct effect of the quasi-bicentennial variations of the TSI accounts for about 25-30% of the observed change in the planetary temperature, and the remaining of the temperature change are determined practically by multiple influences secondary feedback effects. Quasi-bicentennial cyclic variations of TSI along with very important successive multiple influences of the feedback effects are the main fundamental cause of corresponding alternations of climate variation from warming to the Little Ice Age and by the main factor that controls the climate system. The long-term (≥20 years) equilibrium energy state of the Earth determines the practical stability of the climate. However, since ~1990, the Sun has been in the declining phase of the quasi-bicentennial variation in TSI. The observed the practically proportional decrease in the average annual TSI portion absorbed by the Earth since ~1990 has not been compensated by a decrease in the average annual energy radiated into space due to the thermal inertia of the oceans. Since ~1990, the Earth radiates more energy back to space than it absorbs. As a result, the Earth has, and will continue to have, a negative average annual energy balance and a long-term adverse thermal condition. Such gradual loss in the total amount of the solar energy accumulated by the oceans during the twentieth century has resulted at the beginning of a epoch of a new Little Ice Age after the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. In fact, the warming ended in 2016. The start of the solar Grand minimum is anticipated in the solar cycle 27±1 in 2043±11 and the beginning of the phase of deep cooling in the new Little Ice Age in 2060±11. The solar irradiance defines the climate both of the Earth and other planets of the Solar system. The gradual weakening of the Gulf Stream power will result in even stronger cooling in the zone of its action.